Current Achievements and Future Challenges of Genotype-Dependent Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques in Hevea brasiliensis

The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is the most important commercial plant for producing natural rubber. Immature seed inner integument and anther-derived somatic embryogenesis techniques play a crucial role in vitro large-scale propagation genetic transformation of tree. However, highly genotype-dependent, that is, only limited number H. brasiliensis genotypes, such as CATAS73397, CATAS917, PB260, can be efficiently induced by used or transformation. genotype dependence technique conundrum application Hevea biotechnology commercially cultivars, Reken628 CATAS879. Previous studies have shown several regulators overcome enhance regeneration efficiency recalcitrant plants cultivars. In this review, we first describe relevant successful applications technology seedling production modification brasiliensis. Second, discuss major challenge currently. Third, summarize recent significant advances understanding molecular mechanisms underlying other plants. Finally, suggest roadmap using regulatory genes to facilitate genotype-dependent